Pleural mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive cancer that forms in the thin layer of tissue surrounding the lungs. It is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos—a naturally occurring mineral widely used in construction and shipbuilding throughout much of the 20th century. Among those most at risk are Navy veterans, who often encountered asbestos in shipyards, submarines, and naval vessels.
For these veterans, understanding the early signs of pleural mesothelioma is crucial. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes and may open the door to compensation and benefits. This article explores why Navy veterans are particularly vulnerable, outlines the symptoms of pleural mesothelioma, and offers actionable insights for early detection and support.
Why Navy Veterans Are at High Risk for Pleural Mesothelioma
Historical Use of Asbestos in the Navy
From the 1930s through the late 1970s, asbestos was used extensively in Navy ships due to its heat resistance and durability. It was found in insulation, gaskets, boilers, piping, and even fireproofing materials. Navy personnel—especially those serving in engine rooms, boiler rooms, and shipyards—faced regular and prolonged exposure.
Occupational Exposure Points
Key roles that had high exposure risk include:
- Boiler technicians
- Pipefitters
- Shipyard workers
- Electricians
- Welders
- Machinists
Even veterans not directly handling asbestos were exposed in confined shipboard environments where airborne fibers could linger.
Post-Service Latency Period
One of the most dangerous aspects of asbestos exposure is its long latency period. Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma can take 20 to 50 years to manifest after exposure. As a result, many veterans are diagnosed in their 60s or 70s, decades after active service.
Understanding Pleural Mesothelioma
Pleural mesothelioma originates in the pleura—the thin lining surrounding the lungs. It accounts for approximately 75% of all mesothelioma cases. Because of its location near the lungs, it’s often confused with less serious respiratory illnesses.
How Asbestos Causes Pleural Mesothelioma
When inhaled, asbestos fibers become lodged in the lung tissue and pleura. Over time, these fibers cause inflammation, scarring, and genetic damage to cells, potentially leading to the formation of malignant tumors.
Early Warning Signs of Pleural Mesothelioma
1. Persistent Chest Pain
Chest pain is often localized and worsens with deep breathing or coughing. This is due to tumor growth pressing against nerves in the chest wall.
2. Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea)
One of the earliest and most common symptoms, this occurs due to fluid buildup (pleural effusion) or tumor invasion in the pleural space.
3. Chronic Cough
Unlike a typical cold, this cough doesn’t improve and may become painful or even produce blood (hemoptysis) in advanced stages.
4. Unexplained Weight Loss
Rapid, unintentional weight loss can occur as the body tries to fight the cancer. It is often accompanied by fatigue and loss of appetite.
5. Pleural Effusion
Pleural mesothelioma often causes excess fluid to accumulate around the lungs, which leads to breathing difficulties and may require draining via thoracentesis.
6. Fatigue
Even without exertion, veterans with mesothelioma may feel unusually tired or weak due to the cancer’s impact on the body’s energy reserves.
7. Fever and Night Sweats
Though less common, these symptoms can signal inflammation or infection and should not be ignored in those with known asbestos exposure.
Advanced Symptoms of Pleural Mesothelioma
If undiagnosed in its early stages, the disease progresses and symptoms may worsen or expand to include:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Hoarseness
- Swelling of the face or arms
- Nerve pain or neuropathy
- Severe respiratory failure
These symptoms often indicate the spread of tumors to nearby tissues or organs.
Diagnostic Pathway for Navy Veterans
Medical History and Exposure Assessment
Doctors typically begin by reviewing a veteran’s military occupational history to assess asbestos exposure. It’s essential for veterans to disclose all possible contact with asbestos-containing materials.
Imaging Tests
- Chest X-rays can reveal fluid buildup or lung abnormalities.
- CT scans offer more detailed views to locate tumors.
- PET scans may be used to detect cancer spread (metastasis).
Biopsy
A biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Tissue or fluid is extracted and examined for malignant mesothelioma cells through procedures like:
- Thoracoscopy
- Needle biopsy
- Thoracentesis
Treatment Options for Pleural Mesothelioma
Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and the patient’s overall health.
1. Surgery
Surgical options aim to remove tumors and affected tissue. Types include:
- Pleurectomy/decortication (P/D): Removal of the pleura.
- Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP): Removal of the lung and surrounding structures.
2. Chemotherapy
Often used to shrink tumors or reduce symptoms. Common drugs include cisplatin and pemetrexed.
3. Radiation Therapy
High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells, especially effective in controlling localized tumor growth.
4. Immunotherapy
Drugs like nivolumab (Opdivo) or ipilimumab (Yervoy) help the immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells.
5. Palliative Care
When cure is not possible, palliative care focuses on pain relief, symptom management, and improving quality of life.
VA Benefits and Legal Compensation for Navy Veterans
VA Healthcare and Disability Benefits
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recognizes mesothelioma as a service-connected illness if it can be linked to military exposure. Veterans may be eligible for:
- Free or low-cost treatment through VA hospitals
- Monthly disability compensation
- Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) for surviving spouses
Legal Compensation
Veterans can also file lawsuits against manufacturers of asbestos products (not the military). Options include:
- Personal injury lawsuits
- Asbestos trust fund claims
- Settlements for wrongful death
Legal action does not interfere with VA benefits.
What to Do if You’re a Veteran With Symptoms
- Seek Immediate Medical Evaluation
If you’re experiencing symptoms like chronic cough or chest pain—and served in the Navy during the asbestos era—consult a specialist or primary care provider. - Contact a VA Claims Agent
Assistance is available for navigating VA benefits applications. - Reach Out to a Mesothelioma Lawyer
Reputable attorneys can help identify sources of exposure and pursue compensation. - Join a Support Group
Support groups offer emotional help and practical advice for coping with the disease.
Prevention and Monitoring
For Navy veterans without symptoms but with known exposure:
- Schedule Regular Check-Ups
Annual physical exams, especially chest imaging, may help detect problems early. - Avoid Smoking
Smoking worsens the impact of asbestos exposure and increases cancer risk. - Maintain Health Records
Keep detailed records of your Navy service and medical tests for future use.
Conclusion
Navy veterans who served during the peak of asbestos use are at a significantly higher risk for pleural mesothelioma. Recognizing the early symptoms—such as persistent chest pain, chronic cough, and shortness of breath—can lead to earlier diagnoses and better outcomes.
With proper diagnosis, treatment, and access to VA and legal benefits, veterans can receive the care and compensation they deserve. If you or a loved one served in the Navy and are experiencing symptoms of pleural mesothelioma, don’t wait—seek medical and legal support as soon as possible.
References
- American Cancer Society. (2023). What is Malignant Mesothelioma?
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/malignant-mesothelioma/about/what-is-mesothelioma.html - U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2024). Asbestos Exposure and VA Disability Compensation.
https://www.va.gov/disability/eligibility/hazardous-materials-exposure/asbestos/ - National Cancer Institute. (2022). Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version.
https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq - Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation. (2023). Support for Veterans with Mesothelioma.
https://www.curemeso.org/veterans/ - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2022). Asbestos and Its Health Effects.
https://www.epa.gov/asbestos
