Birds of prey—raptors like hawks, falcons, eagles, and owls—have captivated human imagination for centuries. Revered for their majestic presence and razor-sharp instincts, these magnificent creatures are not only symbols of freedom and power but also companions and working animals for many licensed falconers and wildlife rehabilitators. However, with the privilege of keeping such animals comes significant responsibility—particularly in terms of legal liability. This is where Bird of Prey Liability Insurance becomes crucial.
What Is Bird of Prey Liability Insurance?
Bird of Prey Liability Insurance is a specialized type of insurance that protects raptor owners, handlers, or falconers against legal claims arising from property damage or personal injury caused by their birds. Just like dog owners can be held liable if their pet bites someone, falconers can face legal and financial consequences if their bird injures a person, damages property, or interferes with air traffic.
This type of coverage is especially important because raptors are wild animals, and even trained birds can act unpredictably. Liability claims can range from minor injuries to major lawsuits involving medical costs or damage to valuable property.
Who Needs Bird of Prey Liability Insurance?
This insurance is not just for falconers—anyone who works with or owns birds of prey can benefit, including:
- Licensed falconers
- Wildlife educators
- Bird sanctuaries and rehabilitation centers
- Photographers and performers using raptors
- Pest control professionals using raptors (e.g., for pigeon control at airports or stadiums)
Even hobbyists who occasionally fly birds in public parks or attend shows should consider coverage. In the eyes of the law, owning a raptor carries similar responsibilities as owning any potentially dangerous animal.
Legal and Regulatory Considerations
In the U.S., falconry and bird-of-prey ownership are highly regulated at both state and federal levels. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) requires individuals to hold proper licenses and abide by strict rules governing bird care, handling, and transport 1. However, these regulations focus on conservation and care, not liability—meaning they don’t offer legal protection if your bird causes harm.
State laws also vary widely. Some states may classify raptors as “wildlife” rather than domestic animals, increasing the liability burden on owners. In certain jurisdictions, strict liability laws apply, meaning the owner can be held liable even if they were not negligent.
Real-Life Scenarios Where Insurance Can Help
1. Injury to a Spectator
Imagine you’re participating in a falconry demonstration at a public event. Your bird gets startled, veers off course, and strikes a child standing near the demonstration area. Even if the injury is minor, the medical costs and potential lawsuit can be significant.
2. Damage to Property
A falcon breaks a neighbor’s expensive window while in flight, or claws at a luxury car during a pest control session. Property damage claims can quickly escalate if high-value assets are involved.
3. Injury to Domestic Animals
If your hawk attacks a pet dog, you could be liable for veterinary bills or even emotional distress damages, depending on local animal laws.
4. Airspace Interference
Raptors flown near airports can cause air traffic disruptions, triggering FAA investigations and possible fines. Insurance could help cover legal defense costs.
What Does Bird of Prey Liability Insurance Typically Cover?
Policies vary, but a comprehensive liability insurance plan for birds of prey may include:
- Third-party bodily injury (e.g., if your bird injures a person)
- Third-party property damage (e.g., if your bird damages someone’s belongings)
- Legal defense costs for claims or lawsuits
- Public event coverage, such as fairs, shows, or educational events
- Worldwide or regional coverage, depending on the provider
Some policies may also offer:
- Veterinary liability, if your bird injures another animal
- Product liability, if you sell or use related merchandise (like hoods or perches)
- Equipment protection, for things like telemetry devices, gloves, or mews structures
Exclusions and Limitations
Not all incidents are covered, and exclusions may include:
- Unlicensed handling of the bird
- Acts of intentional harm
- Criminal acts or gross negligence
- Injury during transportation, unless specifically covered
- Bird injuries (this is covered under avian health insurance, not liability insurance)
Always read the fine print of your policy to understand what is excluded.
Cost of Bird of Prey Liability Insurance
The cost of coverage can vary based on:
- The number and species of birds you own
- Whether the bird is used for commercial or recreational purposes
- Your location and local legal landscape
- The coverage limits and deductibles
Example Price Range:
- Hobbyist plan (1–2 birds, no commercial use): $150–$400/year
- Professional falconer or educator: $500–$1,500/year
- Large sanctuary or rehab center: $2,000+/year
How to Choose the Right Policy
Here are some tips for selecting the best bird of prey liability insurance:
1. Work with a Specialty Provider
Look for insurers familiar with exotic animals, particularly avian species. General liability providers may not fully understand raptor risks.
2. Ensure Adequate Coverage Limits
A policy with $100,000 in liability might not be enough for serious injuries. Consider higher limits—$500,000 to $1 million—for better protection.
3. Ask About Event-Specific Coverage
If you do shows, presentations, or public demos, ensure those are explicitly covered in your policy.
4. Verify Licensing Compliance
Some insurers require proof of falconry or wildlife handling licenses. Make sure you’re compliant before applying.
Insurance Providers That Offer Bird of Prey Liability Coverage
Some known providers and organizations include:
- Lloyd’s of London underwriters (via brokers)
- Association of Falconers and Conservationists (often provide group plans)
- ExoticDirect (UK-based)
- Sportsman’s Insurance Agency, Inc.
- XINSURANCE (custom liability insurance)
You may also want to check with your local or national falconry association for recommendations.
Complementary Coverage Options
In addition to liability insurance, consider the following policies:
- Avian health insurance (covers vet care for your birds)
- Property insurance (for aviaries, equipment, or training facilities)
- Transport insurance (especially for international shows or bird sales)
- Commercial general liability (for falconry-based businesses)
Bundling these policies can sometimes yield cost savings.
Legal Risks of Not Having Insurance
Without coverage, you’re personally liable for any damages. A single accident could result in:
- Civil lawsuits
- Bankruptcy
- Loss of licenses or permits
- Negative press or public relations fallout
Just like a car or home, your bird deserves protection—not just for itself, but for the people and world it interacts with.
The Future of Falconry and Insurance
With the growing popularity of wildlife education, raptor-based tourism, and eco-friendly pest control, birds of prey are becoming more visible in public life. This visibility increases both opportunity and risk.
More insurers are beginning to recognize this niche market and are offering custom solutions. As regulatory frameworks evolve, liability insurance may become mandatory for certain activities involving raptors—just as it’s already required for dog-walking or horseback riding businesses in many jurisdictions.
Conclusion
Owning or working with a bird of prey is a remarkable experience—one steeped in tradition, skill, and deep respect for nature. But it also comes with inherent risks that can have serious financial and legal consequences. Bird of Prey Liability Insurance isn’t just a smart idea; in many cases, it’s a necessity.
Whether you’re a seasoned falconer, wildlife educator, or sanctuary operator, protecting yourself—and your bird—from liability is one of the best ways to ensure your practice can soar safely into the future.
References
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service – Migratory Bird Permit Office: https://www.fws.gov ↩
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